Harley Davidson Crank Position Sensor Symptoms - Anything Special?

Harley-Davidson motorcycles are not only known for their iconic status. They also possess superior engineering when it comes to big bikes that are made to last. However, that does not in any way make them perfect.

There are some problems that certain models of the motorcycle are also known for. One major issue that tends to crop up with its products is crank position sensor issues. So, in this article, we will examine the nature of the problem through its symptoms, primary causes, and the solutions that can be applied to them.

About the Crank Position Sensor

The crank position sensor in a Harley-Davidson motorcycle is responsible for monitoring the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft. The data it gathers is used by the engine control unit to optimize ignition timing and fuel injection.

The crank position sensor is located on the right side of the engine if you're facing your bike, and it's near the crankshaft. It consists of a magnet and a Hall effect sensor.

As the crankshaft turns, the magnet rotating past the sensor produces a small electrical current. This current is used to determine the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft.

The system is important for ensuring that the engine runs smoothly. It optimizes ignition timing and fuel injection, which results in a more efficient and powerful engine. This is also responsible for monitoring engine RPMs, which can be used to adjust the throttle and gears.

Among the benefits of a perfectly working crank position sensor include improved engine performance, fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions. However, if it starts to go wrong, it can result in a plethora of problems for your bike, which can culminate in its loss of functionality.

Symptoms of a Bad Crank Position Sensor

As with any other vehicle, the crank position sensor is a special part of your Harley bike. It holds many advantages that certainly contribute to your riding pleasure. On the other hand, a faulty or failing sensor can give plenty of problems for your motorcycle.

There are key symptoms that can help you identify if your Harley has a crank position sensor problem, these include the following:

1. Engine Misfire

One common symptom is engine misfires. If the sensor is not functioning correctly, it may feed the wrong data into your engine management system. Such a scenario can cause the cylinders of the engine to misfire and run rough.

2. Stalling

Another symptom is engine stalling. If the sensor is not sending the correct signal to the onboard computer of your bike, it can cause the engine to stall unexpectedly.

3. Check Engine Light

The "Check Engine" light may be triggered if your motorcycle's computer box detects a fault in your engine. In this case, it may come with a fault code pointing out a problem with the crank position sensor.

4. Reduced Fuel Economy

A bad crank position sensor can also lead to reduced fuel economy. This is because the computer will not be able to accurately determine the right amount of fuel to inject into the engine. This can cause problems with the overall performance of your motorcycle and reduce your gas mileage.

5. Rough Starts

Lastly, you may notice that your bike has trouble starting. This can be caused by a number of factors, but if the crank position sensor is not working correctly, it can prevent the engine from starting properly.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to have your motorcycle checked out as soon as possible. Crank position sensor problems can cause serious engine damage if they are not fixed in a timely manner.

Diagnosing a Crank Position Sensor Failure in a Harley Davidson Bike

If you think that there may be a problem with your crank position sensor, there are a few things you can do to diagnose and confirm the issue yourself:

1. Using a Scanner

Probably the most effective method is checking the engine's trouble codes using a scanner that you can plug into the OBDII port of your motorcycle. If the code for the crank position sensor is present, it's a strong indication that there is an issue there that needs to be addressed immediately.

2. Visual Checks

You can visually check the sensor's wirings, electrical connectors, and the sensor itself for damage, dirt, or corrosion. This process will only limit your diagnosis to the most visible parts or the directly observable external components of your sensor though.

3. Through a Multimeter

Similarly, you can check the resistance of the sensor using a multimeter. If the resistance is not within the range specified by the manufacturer, then the sensor needs to be replaced.

4. Via an Oscilloscope

Another way to check is to look at the waveform of the sensor's signal on an oscilloscope. If the waveform is showing abnormalities, it indicates that the sensor is not functioning correctly and needs to be replaced.

Do note that if you have been running with a crank position sensor that tends to malfunction from time to time, there's a huge possibility that the problem is no longer just confined to that component. Thus, we highly advise bringing your motorcycle to any authorized Harley-Davidson service center or to a reputable technician or mechanic near you for a more thorough check-up.

Solutions to a Bad Crank Position Sensor

The solution to the crank position sensor problem may vary depending on the severity of the issue. Sometimes, if it's only carbon build-up hindering the proper operation of the sensor, a simple cleaning may be enough to finish the job. In addition, a bad connection can be easily fixed just by ensuring that the connectors of your sensors' harness are plugged snugly.

On a more serious note wherein your crank position sensor as well as its wirings have already been damaged, there's no other way around than to replace them. If you find that the sensor as well as its wirings need to be replaced, it's a relatively easy job that can be completed with the proper tools and basic knowledge of the ins and outs of your Harley bike. Just be sure to consult your service manual for specific instructions on how to do this on the particular model of your Harley.

Just to be on the safe side of things, however, we recommend employing the help of an expert mechanic to ensure that the job is done correctly. The improper installation of any parts of your crank position sensor or getting a substandard replacement for it will not only cause the problems to persist but can also trigger plenty of other issues with your Harley along the way.

Since certified technicians or mechanics are better equipped with tools and normally have years of knowledge, they can perform a more comprehensive evaluation of the overall status of your bike. So, in case the problem has resulted in the wear or damage of the other parts of your motorcycle, they can also apply the necessary repairs or replacement for them.

Things that Can Damage the Crank Position Sensor

Many things can damage the crank position sensor of your Harley. Some of the common conditions that may ruin it are the following:

1. Constant Exposure to High-Temperature

One is exposure to high temperatures. This happens if you frequently park or ride your bike in areas with very hot temperatures. It could also be the result of overheating in the other parts of your bike that are operating within its immediate vicinity. The most common culprit of the latter is an engine that produces too much heat.

2. Strong Impact

Another instance that may cause a damaged crank position sensor is a strong impact. It could be due to a rock or other object hitting the area of your sensor. Likewise, collisions and crashes can greatly increase the risk of damaging the component, too.

3. Major Electrical Surges

Moreover, sudden electrical surges can damage the sensor. For example, if you have a faulty fuse or circuitry in your Harley, this can cause an electrical surge that can damage the sensor. This also includes strong electromagnetic interference.

4. Carbon Build-Up

One of the most common reasons for a damaged crank position sensor is carbon build-up. Over time, carbon deposits can accumulate on the sensor, interfering with its normal operation. This usually happens when you don't properly maintain your Harley, such as neglecting to clean the air filter or fuel injectors.

5. Water Damage

Water damage is a possibility as well. If you regularly ride in inclement weather conditions or if your bike gets caught in a flood, this has a high tendency to ruin the sensor. Water can cause corrosion and other problems that can render the sensor useless.

6. Engine Problems

Lastly, if the engine is not properly maintained, this can also lead to damage to the crank position sensor. Among the things that may affect the sensor are excessive vibrations and overheating coming from the engine. Thus, it is important to keep your engine in good condition always.

If you want to avoid damaging your crank position sensor, it's important to be aware of these potential hazards. Similarly, take care of your bike and be sure to practice regular maintenance to prevent problems. If you do experience any issues, be sure to take your Harley to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible.

Conclusion

There are many ways you can enjoy your Harley-Davidson bike with all its parts working in order. However, there are a lot of inconveniences that may arise if any of its components also start to malfunction. Therefore, if you happen to notice any of the aforesaid symptoms of a bad crank position sensor in your unit, it's best to address them without further delay.